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Exhibit 3-36. Materials of Construction for Electrodes Used for
Common Electrowinning Applications
Exhibit 3-36. Materials of Construction for Electrodes Used for Common Electrowinning Applications
Electrolyte Cathode Material Anode Material Cadmium Cyanide 2, 3, 4 3, 6, 9 Cadmium Sulfate 3, 4 6, 9 Copper Cyanide 4 10 Copper Persulfate Microetch 14 14 Copper Peroxide Microetch 14 14 Copper Pyrophosphate 14 14 Copper Sulfate 2, 3, 4 1, 7, 10, 11 Gold Cyanide 2, 3, 4 7, 11 Lead Fluoborate 4 12 Lead Sulfamate 4 7 Nickel Sulfate 1, 2, 3, 5 7, 10, 11 Silver Cyanide 2, 3, 4 3, 7, 11 Tin Alkaline 2, 3 8, 11 Tin-Lead Fluoborate 2, 3 8, 11 Zinc Alkaline 13 7 Zinc Cyanide 1 10 Zinc Unspecified 1 10Legend
1: Proprietary; 2: Stainless steel mesh; 3: Stainless steel sheet; 4: Reticulated copper coated; 5: Reticulated nickel; 6: Carbon fiber; 7: Dimensionally stable anodes (DSA®); 8: Ebonex®; 9: Ebonex® iridium oxide or platinum coated; 10: Lead alloy; 11: Platinum clad titanium, niobium, tantalum; 12: Graphite; 13: Zinc mesh; 14: Unknown
Sources: Data provided by Eltech International Corporation, Kinetico Engineered Systems, Eco-Tec Inc., and Memtek Corporation. These companies manufacture electrowinning equipment that employ either flat plate or reticulate cathodes. Also, the data are based on common material usage as identified from the literature.