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Pollution Prevention and Control Technologies for Plating Operations
Section 3 - Chemical Recovery
3.2 ATMOSPHERIC EVAPORATORS
3.2.5 Costs
3.2.5.1 Capital Costs
The basic equipment cost for atmospheric evaporators is relatively low. However, all installations will experience some installation costs and most installations will require auxiliary equipment. The most common and significant installation cost is for exhausting the air exiting the evaporator. Ductwork must be run to either to an existing ventilation duct or, more frequently, through a roof penetration. Other installation work includes connecting power and water to the evaporator, rearranging of other equipment or tanks, installation of controls and installation of a transfer tank. Auxiliary equipment may include, for example, a transfer tank, additional recovery rinse tanks, an additional heat exchanger or a DI water system.
Capital cost estimates for atmospheric evaporators are shown in Exhibit 3-7. These costs are presented as a function of evaporative capacity (gph) over a range of process solution temperatures (either the process tank or transfer tank, whichever is fed to the evaporator). Exhibit 3-7 shows the basic equipment costs, which were derived by taking the median costs from the three vendor survey respondents (where a single evaporator is unable to provide the desired evaporation capacity, multiple units were assumed). The installed capital costs are approximately 180% of the basic equipment costs (based on Users Survey data).
Exhibit 3-7. Equipment Costs for Atmospheric Evaporators as a Function of
Solution Temperature3.2.5.2 Operating Costs
The major operating costs for atmospheric evaporators include O&M labor and energy. Estimates of these operating cost components are shown in Exhibit 3-8. From the Users Survey, the average O&M labor is 157 hrs/yr. In constructing the operating cost graph, it was assumed that this level of labor is adequate for a unit evaporating 15 gph, 24 hrs/day for 260 day/yr. The energy cost shown in Exhibit 3-8 is for replacement heat in the process tank and for operating a pump. The energy cost does not account for energy loss due to ventilation of shop air during winter months.
Exhibit 3-8. Operating and Maintenance Costs for Atmospheric Evaporators