 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
|
|||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
 |
|
||||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
 |
|
||||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
 |
|
||||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
 |
|
||||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
 |
|
||||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
 |
|
||||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
 |
|
||||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
 |
|
||||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
 |
 |
|
||||||||||
 |
|
|||||||||||
Pollution Prevention and Control Technologies for Plating Operations
Section 3 - Chemical Recovery
3.6 ELECTRODIALYSIS
3.6.5 Costs
3.6.5.1 Capital Costs
The capital cost of an electrodialysis unit is related primarily to the stack size, which can be expressed in terms of membrane area. Exhibit 3-50 shows typical membrane area requirements for Watts nickel solution and other applications in terms of the drag-out rate (gph). Exhibit 3-51 shows capital costs, based on feed stream flow rate (typical feed stream concentration of 2 to 5 g/l dissolved metal.
Exhibit 3-50. Electrodialysis Membrane Requirements Based on Drag-Out Rate
_________________________________
Exhibit 3-51. Capital Costs for Electrodialysis Recovery Units 3.6.5.2 Operating Costs
Electrodialysis operating costs include O&M labor, electricity and replacement costs for membranes. Estimated operating costs are 15 to 30 percent of investment costs.